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Mounting
Installation of solar panels takes several days.
Typically solar panels are installed on roofs of buildings in order to save valuable space. At the same time achieve maximum orientation of solar panels on the south and choosing the angle of inclination close to 45o.
Installing solar panels and determine its size must be implemented in such a way as to be negligible effect giving the shadow of neighboring buildings, trees, power lines, etc.
An important part of the solar system is a supporting frame for solar panels. It provides the correct angle panels, as well as the necessary structural rigidity. The combination of the supporting structure with solar modules is done in order to withstand wind and other adverse environmental impact.
Mounting Options Installation:
* Tilting (on the roof with any slope angle)
* The horizontal (on the flat roof)
* Freestanding (solar panel with a support structure)
* Integrated. United with the network system can be part of the building structure. Moreover, integration into the building can be a great way to improve the architecture of the building and show that the elements of the building structure can also perform the function of generating electricity. For these applications are developed and produced special designs.
It is also possible installation of a hybrid system (wind generator + solar panels).
What is a solar panel (photovoltaic module)?
Solar panel is a device for converting of sunlight into electricity.
How durable is the solar energy system?
For photovoltaic modules (solar panels) manufacturers give 10-12 years to provide power for more than 90%, and 25-30 years to provide power for more than 80%. But, in fact, photovoltaic modules work for 50 years or more. The remaining elements of the system – it all depends on the manufacturer and product.
Where better to place solar energy systems?
Solar panels are usually located on the roof or supporting structure in a fixed position. It should be borne in mind that the sun moves from east to west, has a different angle in the summer and winter. When you install solar panels usually take as a basis angle latitude areas, where the object is.
What payback period of solar power?”
It depends on several factors. First, wired to learn if you have common network or object is not electrified at all. Secondly, the continuing increase in electricity prices payback periods vary. Because you want a detailed energy audit.
How much will it cost solar power system, if the daily consumption of object N kw / h?
Is it possible to install first a solar energy system with a small number of photovoltaic modules, and later build number?
Yes, of course. Addition of photovoltaic are is not a problem. You only need to look at the possibility of a charge controller and inverter.

No doubt electricity has an important place in our lives. In many cases people would like to have an independent or alternative heating supply source. If you are one of those who search information on hot water solar panels, please go to this site. There you may discover lots of details about ground source heating and how to purchase it.

Today the web technologies provide us with a really unique chance to choose what one requires for the best price on the market. That is why if you are properly armed with the info in your topic you can rest assured that you will always find the solution to any bad situation. So, please make sure to visit this blog on a regular basis or – the easiest way to take care of it – sign up to its RSS. Thus you will have your hand on the pulse of the recent informational updates about renewable energy here. Blogging can be helpful, you just need to understand how to use it.

What is a monocrystallic solar panel?
Single-crystal silicon photo-elements are most effective and popular among consumers. They are produced by casting high-purity silicon crystals, in which the melt solidifies on contact with the seed crystal. In the process of gradually cooling silicon solidifies in the form of a cylindrical casting of a single crystal of diameter 13 – 20 cm in length with up to 200 cm thus obtained ingot is cut into thick leaves 250 – 300 microns.
Such elements have higher efficiency compared with the elements produced by molds in other ways, efficiency reaches 19%, thanks to the special orientation of the atoms of a single crystal, which contributes to the mobility of electrons.
Silicon permeates the mesh of metal electrodes. Traditionally, single-crystal modules are inserted into the aluminum frame and covered with an impact glass. Color photo of single-crystal elements – dark blue or black.
Sphere of application
Solar panels are reliable, durable and easy to install, since it does not contain moving parts. Solar panels can be used where conventional electricity is not working properly and a large number of sunny days. Examples of solar panels: on rooftops to generate electricity, on street and garden lamps for lighting, charging batteries, providing electricity to equipment on boats, radios, pumps, alarms and so on.
What is a thin-film battery?
Thin-film technology allows making cheaper production costs panel. This circumstance makes film panels more attractive for the construction of larger “farms” on the production of electricity from sunlight, when the sun farmer is limited not so much an area of land as the cost of installing the batteries. Can be installed not only on the roof, but also on the walls of buildings.
Thin-film panels require direct sunlight, working with the scattered radiation, thus the total energy resulting output for the year increased by 10-15% than produce traditional crystalline solar panels. A thin film is much more cost-effective way of energy production and can replay the single crystals in areas with a hazy, cloudy climates or in those industries, which is characteristic of air or dust to high content of other particles.
Sphere of application
Thin-film panel in 95% of cases are used for on-grid “systems that generate electricity directly into the network. These panels need to use high-voltage controllers and inverters, not stick with low-power home systems.
Although the cost of thin-film panels is low, they occupy a much larger area (2.5 times) than the mono-and polycrystalline panels. Because of lower efficiency of thin-film panels effectively used in systems 10 kW or more. To construct a small autonomous or stand-by power supply systems used monocrystallic and polycrystalline panels.
What is polycrystalline battery?
An alternative to single-crystal silicon is polycrystalline silicon. He has a lower cost. The crystals in it are more modular, but have a different shape and orientation. This material, as compared with the dark single crystals is different bright blue. Improving the process of production of elements of this type can now obtain the components, characteristics of which are only slightly inferior to the electrical parameters of single crystal.
Sphere of application
With a solar panel system, you can:
- To highlight and provide electricity to homes and cottages, schools, hospitals, offices, farms, greenhouse complexes, etc;
- Lightning of parks, gardens, yards, roads and streets;
- Ensure telecommunications, medical equipment with power;
- Supply power to the oil and gas pipelines;
- provide electricity supply and water desalination;
- Perform charging of mobile phones and laptops

No doubt energy has an important place in our lives. In many cases people want to have an independent or alternative energy supply source. If you are one of those who search information on hot water solar panels, please go to this site. There you may find lots of details about air source heating and how to buy it.

Currently the Internet technologies provide us with a really unique chance to choose what one needs for the best price on the market. That is why if you are properly armed with the info in your sphere of interest you can rest assured that you will in any case find the way out from any bad situation. So, please make sure to visit this blog on a regular basis or – best of all – sign up to its RSS feed. Thus you will have a direct shortcut to the newest info updates about renewable energy here. Blogging can be helpful, you just need to know how to use it.

There was developed a way to mount tiny silicon crystals for solar panels.
The complexity in this case is such that in large systems the force of gravity makes it easy to mount the items as necessary, but on a microscopic scale, when the linear dimensions of each element is thinner than a human hair, it’s not so easy. There begin to interfere outside forces, such as magnetic and electrostatic. For such dimensions, elements, that begins to play a greater role than gravity.
To overcome the difficulties, there was designed a flexible substrate a thin layer of copper coated polypropylene terephthalate (PET). On the substrate through the same distance there is engraved area, the size of which coincides with the size of silicon crystals. Ready-made substrate was lowered into a bath of molten solder, which covered the exposed area of copper foil. Each silicon crystal is of a cube with sides of 20-60 microns, one of which was gilded. On the silicon side suffered a hydrophobic coating (water repellent), whereas at a gilt side – hydrophilic (water attracting).
When the cells were placed in a container containing oil and water, they are neatly placed at the interface between two liquids. Gilded side is facing the water boundary that is down. The substrate is slowly moved across the border between the media as a conveyor belt, and the elements neatly stuck to the gold-coated side solder coatings. Accuracy of the crystals was 98%. Installation was covered with epoxy resin to fix the elements on the ground.
Such device can install more than 20 000 crystals in a minute. Furthermore, elimination of dependence on the strength of gravity allowed to reduce the size of silicon crystals. Previously it could not be less than 100 microns.
A key feature of the experiment was to reduce the time to build to avoid oxidation of the crystals, which could decrease the surface energy and money assembling decline. Used in the device, the water should be acidic pH 2.0, and the temperature was supposed to be equal to 95C, to protect the solder from oxidation.
Thus obtained assembly can be used in numerous applications such as solar panels, video screens and tiny semiconductors.
Use this method for the manufacture of cells of solar panels would significantly reduce the cost by increasing the speed and reduce the amount of required silicon crystals what is extremely important.
Besides that there is known that new solar panel using silver nanoparticles, much easier and cheaper analogues used today in industrial scale. In addition, batteries with silver nanoparticles can be flexible.
Scientists say they have experimented with a variety of polymeric semiconductors to absorb solar energy and produce electricity. During the work, they found that the addition of the panels of silver, greatly increases productivity. Silver particles should be placed directly on a plastic substrate, and it will enhance the development of batteries.

No doubt energy has an important place in our lives. In many cases people would like to have an independent or alternative power supply source. If you are one of those who are looking for information on hot water solar panels, please go to this site. There you may find lots of details about air source heating and how to buy it.

Currently the Internet technologies give us a really unique chance to select precisely what one searches at the best terms which are available on the market. That is why if you are properly armed with the information in your topic you can rest assured that you will in any case find the solution to any bad situation. So, please make sure to visit this blog on a regular basis or – the easiest way to take care of it – sign up to its RSS. In such an easy way you will have your hand on the pulse of the latest info updates about renewable energy here. Blogging can be helpful, you just need to know how to use it.

In research laboratories there were created new solar cell modules, main layer of which absorb most of the world to be converted into electric current, which is composed entirely of compounds of common and readily available chemical elements
The energy that can be derived from solar radiation coming to Earth for an hour, is higher than the energy that the planet consumes in a year, but the contribution of solar energy in a worldwide system of electricity supply is currently less than 0.1%, primarily due to high cost. Finding ways to create technology solar panels, which cost per watt is comparable with traditional electricity generation, and which has the potential to “terawatt” level, has become the main focus of research that brought to the final successful resolution of problems.
Developed by researchers solar cell also differs from its predecessors so that it was created using a combination of solutions and approaches based on nanoparticles – in contrast to the popular but expensive vacuum method. Technological changes will allow to significantly reduce manufacturing costs, as these changes are consistent with best practices in applying light-absorbing layers – such as printing, coating, applied by dipping (immersion) and by spraying, casting the film – which are characterized by high productivity and high utilization of materials.
Current thin-film solar cell panels, based on compound semiconductors, are demonstrating the efficiency at the level of 9-11%. These elements are most often used two costly chemical compounds – copper indium selenide, gallium and cadmium telluride. As a result of attempts to create cheaper solar panels on the basis of compounds, including widely distributed on earth chemical elements and not containing indium, gallium or cadmium are not able to surpass the barrier efficiency of 6,7% – in comparison with the new, record-breaking performance in 9 6%.
Researchers have developed a flexible solar cells that absorb up to 96% of incident light. This strong result was achieved due to special design elements: a plastic substrate are vertically oriented silicon pins. The developers are very low cost of materials used, as an element of 98% consists of plastic, while the share of expensive materials is 50 times less than for traditional batteries.
Experimental samples of the proposed solutions demonstrate up to 90% efficiency, whereas the figure for the best samples of silicon cells is only 25%. Silicon pins or hair thickness of 1 micron and a length of 30 to 100 microns are covered with transparent plastic. Part of the luminous flux is not absorbed by the rod, is reflected from the substrate and reaches the other rods, thereby increasing the absorption coefficient. Currently, researchers are working to raise tension and increase the size of a new element to produce whole rolls of solar panels.

No doubt electricity has an important place in our lives. In many cases people want to have an independent or additional heating supply source. If you are one of those who are looking for information on hot water solar panels, please check out this site. There you may discover lots of details about air source heating and how to purchase it.

Nowadays the online technologies provide us with a really unique chance to select precisely what one needs for the best price on the market. That is why if you are properly armed with the info in your topic you can rest assured that you will in any case find the solution to any bad situation. So, please make sure to get back to this web site on a regular basis or – the least time consuming way of doing it – sign up to its RSS feed. Thus you will have a direct shortcut to the newest informational updates about renewable energy here. Blogs can be helpful, you just need to understand how to use it.

Solar power plant is an engineering construction, which serves converting solar radiation into electrical energy. Methods for conversion of solar radiation are different and depend on the design of power plants.
SES design
These plants are based on the principle of getting the water vapor from solar radiation. In the center of the station there is a tower height from 18 to 24 meters high (depending on power and some other parameters may be higher or lower), on top of which is a water tank. This reservoir is covered in black to absorb heat radiation. Also in this tower is pumping group that delivers steam to a turbine generator, which is located outside the tower. Circling the tower at a distance are heliostat. Heliostat – a mirror area of several square meters, fixed on a support and connected to a common system of positioning. That is, depending on the position of the sun, the mirror will change their direction. The main and most difficult task to direct all mirrors at the positioning station, so that at any time all the reflected rays from them got on the tank. In bright sunny weather the temperature in the tank can reach 700 degrees. These temperature parameters are used in most conventional thermal power plants, so the energy use standard turbines. In fact, the stations of this type can be obtained relatively high efficiency (20%) and high power.
SPP of plate type
This type of SPP uses the principle of generating electricity, similar to those of the tower SPP, but there are differences in the construction of the station. The station consists of separate modules. The module consists of the pillars on which is mounted truss design of the receiver and the reflector. Receiver located at some distance from the reflector, and it concentrates the reflected rays of the sun. The reflector consists of a mirror in the form of plates (hence the name), radially arranged on the farm. The diameters of these mirrors are about 2 meters, and the number of mirrors – a few dozen (depending on the power module). Such stations may consist of a single module (autonomous), and a few dozen (work in parallel with the network).
SPP, which are using photoelectricity
SPP of this type are now very common, because in general, SPP consists of a large number of individual modules (photoelectric) of different power and output parameters. SPP data are widely used to supply power to both small and large objects (private cottages, resorts, motels, industrial buildings, etc.). Photocell can be set almost anywhere, from the roof and facade of the building and ending with specially designated areas. The installed capacity also varies in a wide range, ranging from the provision of separate pumps, ending by power supply of a small village.
Combined SPP
Often, different types of SPP further establish heat exchangers to generate hot water, which is used for technical purposes, and for hot water and heating. This is the essence of the combined SPP. Also in the same area can be a parallel installation of concentrators and the photocell, which is also considered a combined SPP.

No doubt energy has an important place in our lives. In many cases people want to have an independent or additional energy supply source. If you are one of those who are looking for information on hot water solar panels, please visit this site. There you may find lots of details about ground source heating and how to order it.

Currently the online technologies give us a truly unique chance to choose what one wants for the best price on the market. That is why if you are properly armed with the knowledge in your sphere of interest you can rest assured that you will in any case find the solution to any bad situation. So, please make sure to track this site on a regular basis or – the least time consuming way of doing it – sign up to its RSS feed. Thus you will have a direct shortcut to the latest info updates about renewable energy here. Blogs can be helpful, you just need to understand how to use it.

Solar energy is the direct use of sunlight to generate energy in any form. Solar Energy: Renewable energy is clean, that is not generating hazardous waste. Solar panel – one of the generators of alternative energy, which is transforming the solar electromagnetic radiation (in other words – the light) into electricity. It is the object of study solar energy. Manufacture of solar cells is growing rapidly in many different directions.
Types
Photovoltaic Converters – Semiconductor device directly convert solar energy into electricity (solar cells). Several joint FE called a solar cell.
Helios power plants (GEES). The solar plant using highly concentrated solar radiation as the energy to actuate the thermal and other machines (steam, gas turbine, thermoelectric and others).
Solar collectors (SC) are presented by low-temperature solar heating installation.
Organic battery – a device that converts sunlight into electricity by using genetically modified cells printed on thin plastic.
Solar and wind power plant
Solar panels are widely used in tropical and subtropical regions with a large number of sunny days. In the future they are likely to be used for recharging of electric vehicles. Solar collectors are used primarily for the needs of hot water and sometimes in support of heating systems.
Structure features photovoltaic panels cause a decrease in performance with increasing temperature.
Partial shading of the panel causes the output voltage drop due to losses in the dark element, which begins to act as a parasitic load. From this deficiency can be eliminated by installing a bypass on each cell panel.
From the performance of photovoltaic panels can be seen that to achieve maximum efficiency requires the correct selection of the load resistance. To do this, photovoltaic panels do not connect directly to the load, and use the controller photovoltaic systems, ensuring the optimum operation of the panels.
Ways to generate electricity and heat from solar radiation
Getting electricity by photovoltaic cells.
Converting solar energy into electricity using heat engines:
steam engines (piston or turbine), using water vapor, carbon dioxide, propane, butane, freon;
Stirling engine, etc.
Solar Energy – Heating the surface, absorbing the sun’s rays and the subsequent distribution and use of heat (concentrating solar radiation on the vessel with water for subsequent use in heating hot water or steam into electrical generators).
Solar balloon power (generation of water vapor inside the container balloon by heating the surface by solar radiation balloon coated with a selectively-absorbing coating). Advantage – the stock steam in the cylinder is sufficient for power at night and in inclement weather.
Advantages of solar energy
Accessibility and inexhaustible source.
Theoretically, the complete security to the environment, although it is likely that the widespread introduction of solar energy can change the look of the earth’s surface and lead to climate change (but at the present level of energy consumption it is extremely unlikely).

No doubt electricity has an important place in our lives. In many cases people want to have an independent or alternative power supply source. If you are one of those who need information on hot water solar panels, please visit this site. There you may find lots of details about air source heating and how to order it.

These days the web technologies give us a truly unique chance to select precisely what one searches at the best terms which are available on the market. That is why if you are properly armed with the knowledge in your sphere of interest you can rest assured that you will always find the solution to any bad situation. So, please make sure to visit this site on a regular basis or – an ideal solution for you – sign up to its RSS. In such an easy way you will have a direct shortcut to the latest info updates about renewable energy here. Blogging can be helpful, you just need to know how to use it.