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There was developed a way to mount tiny silicon crystals for solar panels.
The complexity in this case is such that in large systems the force of gravity makes it easy to mount the items as necessary, but on a microscopic scale, when the linear dimensions of each element is thinner than a human hair, it’s not so easy. There begin to interfere outside forces, such as magnetic and electrostatic. For such dimensions, elements, that begins to play a greater role than gravity.
To overcome the difficulties, there was designed a flexible substrate a thin layer of copper coated polypropylene terephthalate (PET). On the substrate through the same distance there is engraved area, the size of which coincides with the size of silicon crystals. Ready-made substrate was lowered into a bath of molten solder, which covered the exposed area of copper foil. Each silicon crystal is of a cube with sides of 20-60 microns, one of which was gilded. On the silicon side suffered a hydrophobic coating (water repellent), whereas at a gilt side – hydrophilic (water attracting).
When the cells were placed in a container containing oil and water, they are neatly placed at the interface between two liquids. Gilded side is facing the water boundary that is down. The substrate is slowly moved across the border between the media as a conveyor belt, and the elements neatly stuck to the gold-coated side solder coatings. Accuracy of the crystals was 98%. Installation was covered with epoxy resin to fix the elements on the ground.
Such device can install more than 20 000 crystals in a minute. Furthermore, elimination of dependence on the strength of gravity allowed to reduce the size of silicon crystals. Previously it could not be less than 100 microns.
A key feature of the experiment was to reduce the time to build to avoid oxidation of the crystals, which could decrease the surface energy and money assembling decline. Used in the device, the water should be acidic pH 2.0, and the temperature was supposed to be equal to 95C, to protect the solder from oxidation.
Thus obtained assembly can be used in numerous applications such as solar panels, video screens and tiny semiconductors.
Use this method for the manufacture of cells of solar panels would significantly reduce the cost by increasing the speed and reduce the amount of required silicon crystals what is extremely important.
Besides that there is known that new solar panel using silver nanoparticles, much easier and cheaper analogues used today in industrial scale. In addition, batteries with silver nanoparticles can be flexible.
Scientists say they have experimented with a variety of polymeric semiconductors to absorb solar energy and produce electricity. During the work, they found that the addition of the panels of silver, greatly increases productivity. Silver particles should be placed directly on a plastic substrate, and it will enhance the development of batteries.

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