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The principle of operation of photovoltaic solar battery
Photovoltaic solar cell consists of several photovoltaic solar modules, which areelectrically and mechanically connected to each other. Photoelectric solar module – a device that constructively combines electrically interconnected photovoltaic solar cells and at the same time it has output terminals for connecting of external customers.
Photoelectric element consists of two thin layers of semiconductor material: one with a small admixture, which gives it the properties of the conductor of negative charges (area n), the second also with a touch, but she turns it into a conductor of positive charges (area p).
When the zone of contact between two semiconductors gets solar radiation, creating an electromotive force that can move the electric current in the external circuit connected to areas n and p.
The main material used for the manufacture of photovoltaic cells is silicon. Silicon doped with phosphorus is a type of n, with boron – a type of p.
The solar modules can generate electricity for 20 years or more. Wear occurs primarily on the impact of the environment, because no thermodynamic processes in the installation does not occur, there are no moving parts. A well-mounted solar array will be reliable, quiet and clean source of energy for many years.
Options for connecting the solar battery
The energy produced by photovoltaic generator is not used with direct connection to the user’s network.
Depending on the objectives of the consumer, the presence / absence and the quality of power supply can provide 2 options to connect photovoltaic solar cells:
Offline
In remote areas where there is no centralized power, solar batteries are usually used for supply of houses. In plants of this type electricity is accumulated in the cells and then used at night or during low insolation.
The system of this type requires that the photovoltaic field was large enough to provide a period of normal insolation as a direct burden of the working of the electric circuit, and battery charging.
The system incorporates:
photovoltaic modules;
charge controller (used to protect the battery from excessive charging photovoltaic generator, as well as from the excessive discharge during use, as both a negative impact on functionality and reduces the life of equipment);
inverter (its task is to convert constant electric energy produced by photovoltaic field, the energy variable type, required for the power user equipment)
system of accumulation (incorporates a number of rechargeable batteries, the capacity of which fully meets the required level of autonomy with regard to power the connected load)
Spare PV systems are used where there is a connection to the central power, but it is unreliable. In the case of network disconnection, or lack of supply voltage, the load is used to cover the photovoltaic installation. Small stand-PV systems are used to power the most important load – lighting, computer and communications equipment. Larger systems can also provide energy and a refrigerator during a power network. The more power needed to power the load responsible, and the longer periods off the network, the more power the photovoltaic system is needed.
The system incorporates:
photovoltaic modules;
charge controller;
inverter;
accumulation system
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