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Wood pellet construction is a rapidly mounting industry, on both a small plus large scale. The two main uses for wood pellet fuel are the house heating market, plus providing fuel for power stations. Many coal power stations today use biomass pellet energy in co-incineration by means of coal to decrease the carbon emissions of the works. This is a very affordable means for the power stations to meet carbon targets without having to invest in new tools or processes. Other than the house heating market as well as power stations, biomass pellets are also used for pellet grills in addition to for animal bedding such as horses. To produce biomass pellets, a series of processes in addition to matter requirements are needed. One of the first key criteria to generating a quality biomass pellet is only a consistent raw matter can produce quality consistent wood pellets. The consistent qualities the raw material requires is a low moisture content and small particle size. The raw material also requires a enough proportion of natural lignin found in all wood. On the other hand certain wood has more untreated lignin than others. Wood generally has adequate untreated lignin for biomass pellet production, however other wood such as straws as well as grasses may need an additional binder to hold the pellets together. Purpose constructed binders are commonly constructed from modified corn starch, the binder can also help by means of lubrication.

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The first process to produce biomass pellets is size reduction. The biomass raw material maybe in the form of logs, wood chip or even sawdust. To decrease the wood to a small uniform size a combination of a wood chipper and then hammer mill solution will probable be required. Once the biomass has been reduced to 6mm particles or below, it is then ready for drying. Drying involves either a pipe flash dryer or a rotary dryer. The general rule of thumb is that flash dryers are used form small scale manufacture and rotary dryers are used for large scale manufacture. Flash dryers are cheaper, however are basic as well as are not suitable for wood by a high moisture content such as virgin biomass. Rotary dryers are more expensive though they also have more control plus are suitable for virgin biomass.

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After size reduction and drying the particles are then ready for pellet compression. As by way of drying, there are pellet compression solutions which are more suitable for small scale plus large scale production. For small scale construction, even residence use a flat die pellet mill is more practical along with affordable. The basic design of the flat die pellet mill method it is cheaper to manufacturer plus also maintain as the consumables are cheaper to make. For large scale construction sphere die pellet mills are commonly used as they use less electricity. When the sawdust enters the pellet mill, compression due to the die generates both temperature through resistance and pressure. A certain level of resistance is required to help the pellet form, yet to much resistance will cause the biomass to become blocked in the die. When the pellets leave the die, they are very hot in addition to before they can be stored they require to be cooled to ambient air heat. Also before packaging the pellets must be screened to removed fines from construction.

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